North Korea: UN imposes fresh sanctions over missile tests

The United Nations Security Council has voted unanimously to impose tougher sanctions on North Korea in response to its recent ballistic missile tests.

The US-drafted resolution includes measures to reduce the nation's petrol imports by up to 90%.
China and Russia, North Korea's main trading partners, voted in favour of the resolution.
The country is already subject to a raft of sanctions from the US, the UN and the EU.

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Washington has been imposing sanctions on Pyongyang since 2008, freezing the assets of individuals and companies linked to its nuclear programme and banning the export of goods and services to the country.
The US ambassador to the UN, Nikki Haley, said the sanctions sent an "unambiguous message to Pyongyang that further defiance will invite further punishments and isolation".
Chinese envoy Wu Haitao said the vote "reflects the unanimous position of the international community" on the issue of North Korea's weapons programme.
US President Donald Trump also welcomed the resolution. He tweeted the world wanted "peace, not death".

Skip Twitter post by @realDonaldTrump

The United Nations Security Council just voted 15-0 in favor of additional Sanctions on North Korea. The World wants Peace, not Death!

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) December 22, 2017

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End of Twitter post by @realDonaldTrump

What are the new sanctions?

Tensions have risen this year over North Korea's nuclear and missile programmes, which it has pursued despite pressure from world powers to stop.
The Trump administration says it is seeking a diplomatic solution to the issue, and drafted this new set of sanctions:

• Deliveries of petrol products will be capped at 500,000 barrels a year, and crude oil at 4 million barrels a year

• All North Korean nationals working abroad will have to return home within 24 months under the proposals, restricting a vital source of foreign currency

• There will also be a ban on exports of North Korean goods, such as machinery and electrical equipment

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Sanctions target a North Korean lifeline

Analysis by Nada Tawfik, BBC News, New York
This is the 10th Security Council resolution imposing sanctions on North Korea.
None yet has convinced Kim Jong-un to abandon his nuclear programme, but diplomats hope this resolution will bite hard enough to change the country's path, or at the very least, restrict its ability to carry out additional nuclear and missile tests.
These strong new sanctions, passed with China's support, show the growing concern of the international community to the threat posed by Kim Jong-un.
President Trump specifically asked President Xi to cut oil to North Korea, believing it would be a pivotal step.
According to the US, North Korea imported 4.5 million barrels of refined petroleum in 2016. This resolution now caps North Korea's supply to 500,000 barrels a year - a nearly 90% cut to a vital lifeline for Pyongyang.

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What sanctions are already in place?

Last month, the US unveiled fresh sanctions against North Korea which it said were designed to limit the funding for its nuclear and ballistic missile programmes.

 

The measures targeted North Korean shipping operations and Chinese companies that trade with Pyongyang.
The UN also approved new sanctions following North Korea's nuclear test on 3 September.
These measures restricted oil imports and banned textile exports - an attempt to starve the North of fuel and income for its weapons programmes.

   

Have previous sanctions worked?

The US has been imposing sanctions on North Korea for more than a decade with little success.
In fact, North Korea has said fresh sanctions will only make it accelerate its nuclear programme. It has continued to test nuclear and ballistic missiles despite these recent examples of UN pressure:

• 30 November 2016: UN targeted North Korea's valuable coal trade with China, slashing exports by about 60% under a new sales cap. Exports of copper, nickel, silver, zinc and the sale of statues were also banned
• What happened next? On 14 May 2017, North Korea tested what it said was a "newly developed ballistic rocket" capable of carrying a large nuclear warhead
• 2 June 2017: UN imposed a travel ban and asset freeze on four entities and 14 officials, including the head of North Korea's overseas spying operations
• What happened next? On 4 July, North Korea claimed it carried out its first successful test of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)
• 6 August 2017: UN banned North Korean exports of coal, ore and other raw materials and limited investments in the country, costing Pyongyang an estimated $1bn - about a third of its export economy
• What happened next? On 3 September, North Korea said it tested a hydrogen bomb that could be miniaturised and loaded on a long-range missile